Compare Djibouti (2002) - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008)

Compare Djibouti (2002) z Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008)

	Djibouti (2002)	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008)

Administrative divisions	5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
Age structure	0-14 years: 42.6% (male 100,903; female 100,420) 15-64 years: 54.5% (male 135,409; female 122,209) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 7,220; female 6,649) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 23% (male 827/female 790) 15-64 years: 65.9% (male 2,352/female 2,288) 65 years and over: 11.1% (male 359/female 420) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports	12 (2001)	2 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 3 (2002)	-
Area	total: 23,000 sq km land: 22,980 sq km water: 20 sq km	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Massachusetts	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels.	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Birth rate	40.33 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	13.08 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $135 million expenditures: $182 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million (1996 est.)
Capital	Djibouti	name: Saint-Pierre geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Climate	desert; torrid, dry	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Coastline	314 km	120 km
Constitution	multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti conventional short form: Djibouti former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Currency	Djiboutian franc (DJF)	-
Death rate	14.43 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$366 million (2002 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti telephone: [253] 35 39 95 FAX: [253] 35 39 40	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270 FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Disputes - international	Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while politically supporting the Somali Transitional National Government in Mogadishu	none
Economic aid - recipient	$36 million (2001)	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Economy - overview	The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. Another factor limiting growth is the negative impact on port activity now that Ethiopia has more trade route options.	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. France heavily subsidizes the islands to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.
Electricity - consumption	167.4 million kWh (2000)	46.5 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	180 million kWh (2000)	50 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Environment - current issues	inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; endangered species	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Exchange rates	Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)	euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999) head of government: Prime Minister DILEITA Mohamed Dileita (since 4 March 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH elected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6%	chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Yves FAUQUEUR (since 28 August 2006) head of government: President of the Territorial Council Stephane ARTANO (since 21 February 2007) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 April 2002 (first round) and 5 May 2002 (second round) (next to be held in 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Council is elected by the members of the council
Exports	$260 million f.o.b. (1999 est.)	0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Exports - partners	Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5% (1998)	Spain 33.6%, Belgium 21.8%, India 18.3%, France 9.4%, US 7.5% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions
GDP	purchasing power parity - $586 million (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3% industry: 10% services: 87% (2001 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	0% (2001 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	11 30 N, 43 00 E	46 50 N, 56 20 W
Geography - note	strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa	vegetation scanty
Highways	total: 2,890 km paved: 364 km unpaved: 2,526 km (1996)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$440 million f.o.b. (1999 est.)	541.6 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Imports - partners	France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998)	France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2006)
Independence	27 June 1977 (from France)	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Industrial production growth rate	3% (1996 est.)	NA%
Industries	construction, agricultural processing	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Infant mortality rate	99.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 7.21 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2% (2001 est.)	8.1% (2005)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	UPU, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	10 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force	282,000	3,450 (2005)
Labor force - by occupation	NA%	agriculture: 18% industry: 41% services: 41% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 516 km border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 12.5% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.5% (2005)
Languages	French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar	French (official)
Legal system	based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law	the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held NA January 2008) election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats - RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election	unicameral Territorial Council or Conseil Territorial (19 seats, 15 from Saint Pierre and four from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AD 16, Cap sur l'Avenir 2, SPM Ensemble 1 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect one seat to the French Senate; elections last held 26 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2013); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects one seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 51.6 years male: 49.73 years female: 53.52 years (2002 est.)	total population: 78.76 years male: 76.41 years female: 81.23 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 46.2% male: 60.3% female: 32.7% (1995 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)
Location	Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references	Africa	North America
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	Djibouti National Army (including Navy and Air Force)	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$26.5 million (FY01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	4.4% (FY01)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 110,221 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 64,940 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 27 June (1977)	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Djiboutian(s) adjective: Djiboutian	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
Natural hazards	earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	geothermal areas	fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-4.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GUELLEH]	Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM; Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF
Political pressure groups and leaders	Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD	NA
Population	472,810 (July 2002 est.)	7,036 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	50% (2001 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	2.59% (2002 est.)	0.128% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Djibouti	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	52,000 (1997)	-
Railways	total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge note: Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003 (2001 est.)	-
Religions	Muslim 94%, Christian 6%	Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.09 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.047 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.028 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.855 male(s)/female total population: 1.011 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal adult	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country domestic: microwave radio relay network international: submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system
Telephones - main lines in use	10,000 (2002)	4,800 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	5,000 (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (2002)	0 (2 repeaters rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Terrain	coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains	mostly barren rock
Total fertility rate	5.64 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	50% (2000 est.) (2000 est.)	10.3% (1999)
Waterways	none	-

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